What is tooth sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity, or dentin hypersensitivity, occurs when the protective layers of your teeth are compromised, exposing the underlying dentin or nerves to external stimuli.
This heightened sensitivity often presents as a sharp, temporary discomfort triggered by:
- Hot or cold foods and drinks
- Sweet or acidic foods
- Brushing or flossing
- Breathing in cold air
While sensitivity can be manageable for some, persistent or worsening symptoms may indicate an underlying issue requiring professional attention.
Common causes of tooth sensitivity
So what causes tooth sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity can be caused by numerous factors including:
Enamel erosion
Tooth enamel is the outermost layer that shields your teeth from external elements. Over time, enamel can wear away due to factors like:
- Acidic foods and drinks: Citrus fruits, sodas, and vinegar-based dressings can erode enamel.
- Teeth grinding: A condition known as bruxism can gradually wear down enamel, exposing the sensitive dentin layer.
Once enamel is lost, it cannot regenerate, making preventive care crucial.
Gum recession
The gum tissue plays a vital role in protecting the roots of your teeth. When you have receding gums due to gum disease or age, the roots become exposed.
Unlike enamel, roots lack the same protective covering, leaving them more vulnerable to sensitivity.
Tooth decay or damage
Cavities, chips, or fractures can create pathways for external stimuli to reach the nerves inside your tooth.
This exposure often results in sensitivity, particularly when consuming hot, cold, or sugary substances.
Teeth whitening treatments
While professional teeth whitening is generally safe, some individuals may experience temporary sensitivity after treatment. This is due to the peroxide-based whitening agents penetrating the enamel to break down stains. This is riskier with DIY teeth whitening kits, as the ingredients can be harsher on your teeth and may not be tailored to your specific dental needs, potentially leading to increased sensitivity or enamel damage.
Grinding and clenching
Teeth grinding and clenching can wear down your enamel, exposing the underlying dentine, which contains tiny tubules that lead to the tooth’s nerve centre. When this area is left unprotected, hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks can trigger discomfort or a sharp, sensitive sensation. Over time, this repeated pressure can also cause small cracks or chips, further contributing to sensitivity and weakening the overall structure of your tooth.
Dental procedures
Certain dental treatments, such as fillings, crowns, or root planing, may cause temporary sensitivity as your teeth adjust post-treatment. This sensitivity often resolves within a few weeks.
Cracked or worn teeth
Cracks or significant wear in your teeth can expose the inner layers, making them susceptible to sensitivity. In severe cases, bacteria can get in between the cracks, leading to tooth decay or infection.
Health conditions that can contribute to tooth sensitivity
Some underlying health conditions or habits can also play a significant role in contributing to tooth sensitivity. These factors may not always be directly linked to your oral hygiene routine but can still have a profound impact on the health of your teeth and gums.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD causes stomach acid to flow back into the oesophagus and mouth, which can erode enamel over time.
Dry mouth
Reduced saliva production can impact your mouth’s ability to neutralise acids, increasing the risk of sensitivity and decay.
Dry mouth can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications (such as antihistamines, antidepressants, or diuretics), medical conditions like diabetes or Sjögren’s syndrome, dehydration, or lifestyle habits such as smoking. It can also occur as a natural part of ageing or as a side effect of treatments like radiation therapy targeting the head and neck.
Dietary habits
Frequent snacking on acidic or sugary foods and beverages can weaken enamel and contribute to tooth sensitivity.
Pregnancy or hormonal changes
Fluctuations in hormones can make gums more sensitive or prone to recession, leading to increased discomfort.
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease (gum disease) contributes to tooth sensitivity by causing gum recession, which exposes the dentin layer of teeth. Dentin’s tiny tubules connect to nerves, allowing stimuli like heat or cold to trigger discomfort. Additionally, bone loss from the disease worsens gum recession, increasing sensitivity.
How to manage tooth sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity doesn’t have to disrupt your life. With the right approach, it can often be managed effectively:
1. Switch to a desensitising toothpaste
Toothpaste for sensitive teeth contains compounds that block the pathways to the nerves, reducing discomfort over time. These toothpastes are gentle on enamel and safe for daily use.
2. Maintain a gentle oral hygiene routine
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and adopt gentle brushing techniques to avoid further enamel wear or gum irritation. Floss daily to keep your gums healthy. You can also opt for a water flosser if you find traditional floss too abrasive.
3. Be mindful of your diet
Limit foods and drinks that are highly acidic or sugary. When consuming these, rinse your mouth with water or brush your teeth afterwards to minimise sugar remaining on your teeth.
4. Address teeth grinding
If you grind your teeth, speak to your dentist about a custom nightguard or other prevention strategies. This can protect your enamel and reduce the pressure on your teeth.
5. Use fluoride treatments
Fluoride can help strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity. Your dentist may recommend fluoride rinses or professional applications during check-ups.
6. Keep up to date with your dental check-ups
It is recommended that you see your dentist at least 1-2 times per year for professional teeth cleanings and checkups to monitor your oral health, address potential issues early, and maintain the longevity of treatments.
When tooth sensitivity warrants professional support
While occasional sensitivity can be managed at home, persistent or severe discomfort may require professional evaluation. It’s important to consult your dentist if:
- Sensitivity is affecting your quality of life.
- Sensitivity is impacting your dental function – ability to eat, drink or speak properly.
- You notice visible changes in your teeth or gums, such as cracks, chips, or recession.
- Over-the-counter or natural treatments don’t seem to help.
Preventing tooth sensitivity
Prevention is always better than reactive treatment. By adopting good oral hygiene habits and staying mindful of potential risk factors, you can reduce the likelihood of developing sensitivity:
- Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
- Floss daily to keep gums healthy.
- Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.
- Protect your teeth from grinding or trauma.
Supporting you through tooth sensitivity
At Advanced Dental Artistry, we understand how dental concerns like tooth sensitivity can impact you.
Whether you’re exploring cosmetic enhancements with porcelain veneers, seeking a complete teeth replacement with All-on-4 dental implants, or considering full mouth reconstruction to restore functionality and aesthetics, our team takes a compassionate, patient-centred approach.
We provide personalised care tailored to your unique needs, ensuring your oral health is optimised at every stage of your journey, and you stay informed regarding the best ways to maintain and care for your new smile.
If you’re experiencing tooth sensitivity or have questions about how our services can support your dental goals, reach out to our friendly team in Perth today.
Let us help you take the first step towards a healthier, more balanced smile.